INTERPRETING CLASS- TO BE SHORT MOVIE TRANSLATOR

Hello Everyone,
Today I wanna post one of my assigment in the seventh semester. I want to say thankyou very much to my lecturer Mr.Budianto Hamuddin for your guidance to make me to be translator through this course. This course is Translation and Interpreting Class.  This course taught us how to translate english to indonesia and indonesia to english. in the others word, I am movie translator, same like "lebahganteng" or other famous translator movie. For the first time I felt difficult to translate the movie because it is not easy as I expected. but I always try and thinking about how it will be more better. I have worked hard. So, I want you check it out what I learn in this course by seeing my subtitle.
Here the link on youtube:
1. English to Indonesia: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=adv4Aqp7vCU&t=27s

2. Indonesia to English https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6U6EKsWwQxU&t=117s 

3. UAS Interpreting https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_R847vabYn8 

Those subtitle created by Winkypinky (it's me).

SOCIOLINGUISTICS : TALK AND ACTION

In linguistics, a speech act is an utterance defined in terms of a speaker's intention and the effect it has on a listener. Essentially, it is the actions which the speaker hopes to provoke in their audience. It means that when someone talking with the interlucutor, he/she not use word not only present information but also to carry out actions.

SPEECH ACT

All speech acts as belonging to one of three categories: locutionary, illocutionary, or perlocutionary acts.

Examples:

1.      Locutonary: it is take action to say something The act of locution contains a literal meaning.

 Example:

·         "It's hot here", the meaning of its locus relates to the air temperature in that place.

·         "I am hungry" refers to the 'empty stomach and need to be filled', without intending to ask for food on someone.

2.      Illecutionary : it is making the speaker act in accordance with what he says. This action contains meaning related to social function.

Example:

·         “It is hot here", the meaning of the focus may be a request to open the window.

·         when a husband says "It's almost seven o'clock." To his wife in the morning, here, it is not only giving information about time, also contains the act of reminding the wife that the husband should go to work immediately, so he want to breakfast. Therefore, the wife will answer "Yes baby, breakfast is ready soon”.

3.      Perlocutionary: doing an act by saying something.it have iimpact and there are feedback from interlucutor.

Example:

·         'I'm hungry', listeners react by offering food to speakers.

·         "It is hot here", based on a specific context (hot air, being in a room with windows and doors are closed), then the impact is the window will be opened wide by the interlucutor

CORPORATION

Coorporation that means in communication people need to corporate with others. There are 4 types in coorporation, such as:

1.      Maxim of quality : it means every speaker must convey something true and based on clear evidence.

 Example:

A: How many maxims of cooperation do Grice have?

B: According to Grice's book I read, there are four maxims in the principle of cooperation.

A: What's the maxim?

B: Maximize quantity, maxim of quality, relevance and maxim manner

2.      Maxim of quantity : it is required information only.

Example:

A. The blind man is a masseuse.

B The person who can not see it turns out to be a masseur.

In sentence (A) is considered to be more effective and efficient than (B) which adds things that are obvious and need not be explained again.

Another Example:

A: Rudi put on his raicoat, picked up his umbrella from the table near the door, turned off the lights, put out the cat, got ready for his ten-minute walk to the bus-stop

B: Rudi went out.

In sentence (A) is too long. Therefore, to express the same concept, sentence (B) is better used.

3.      Maxim of relevance : it means that speaker makes a relevant contribution to the topic subject.

Example:

A: There is somebody at the door

B: I'm in the bath.

In that sentence, When A tells B that someone is coming and hopes B to open the door for the guest, then B says that he was in the bathroom at the time. The Answer by B makes A to understand B condition is at that moment. And A will open the door.

4.      Maxim of Manner: it means that speaker is talking directly, not blur, not exaggerated and coherent.

Example:

A: Where is the original, Mas?

B: I am originally Purworejo, Mbak.

A: Ouch, I mean, where is my origins KTP Card?

The dialogue often occurs when (A) photocopy his KTP card at a photocopy place. After the ID card has been photocopied, (A) ask to employee for the original KTP by saying "Mas, where is it?" And it is misinterpreted by (B) because he thinks that (A) asks for his origins. it can be embarrassing moment for interlucutor.

CONVERSATION

Conversations are a series of speech acts: greetings, inquiries, congratulations, comments, invitations, requests, accusations. There are several kinds of conversations:

1. Turn taking and pausing. It means that we are usually don't all talk at once. When we are talking about something maybe the interlucutor not focus or in other activities. So we need to repeat the topic or pause for a while. Ex:

A: Do you know about the accident last night?

B: (silent) typing massage on the phone

A: Can you hear me?

B: (put the phone)  I’m sorry? What are you say before?

2. Adjacency Pairs . sometimes in a conversation there are must be:

a.       Question and answer;

b.      a invitation by an acceptance or an explanation of why it can't be accepted;

c.       an assessment/problem is followed by agreement or disagreement;

d.       an apology is followed by acknowledgement of the apology:

for example:

A: Sorry about last night!

B: No problem; we were all pretty tired.

3. Opening Sequences  in the firstly meet we often to  greetings, ask general questions or comments about the weather, sports, etc.

A: Hi, do you like the music?

B: Yes, I do like

4. Closing Sequences .

To closing the conversation, we can  summing up, using other locutions (Okay, all right then; well, that's about it; so umh; fine, then;

Respons by interlucutors: okay, goodbye then; okay bye; nice talkin' to you; see ya soon; thanks for calling/dropping by; good to see you! take care! 

SOCIOLINGUISTICS: SOLIDARITY AND POLITENESS

Solidarity and Politeness

Since there is no precise rule for shifting from vous to tu, it is best to wait until the other person uses it to address you before you use it to address him or her. If you cannot judge who has ‘power’ or which proper conditions to use tu or vous, it is better to use politeness and wait until the other use ‘solidarity’. 

There two kinds that we need in sociolinguistics, such as:

Address Terms

Address by title alone is the least intimate form of address in that title usually designates ranks or occupations as in colonel, doctor, or waiter. Some language employ the kinship terms to use address terms. One of the other peculiarity systems of naming and addressing is giving a name to and address to the non-human like pets. Here, society in which a person’s status derives from the achievements, a few distinctions is made. 

Greeting explains that the word greeting refers to a word or phrase used to call and call the principals in a language event.The intended offender refers to the speaker, the opponent of the convent, as well as the person in question.The rules of alternation are rules related to how to greet. This rule relates to the use of a greeting form based on the factors that influence it. The factors are as follows:

a. Situations marked by status.

b. Rank.

c. Identity device.

The identity device refers to a degree in employment or an honors degree. The person who has the title can be addressed by mentioning the title only, such as doctor and pastor.

The rule of kookurensi is the rule of emergence with the form of a greeting with another form. Another form of language structure is appropriate in accordance with the word greeting used during the talks take place. For example, an employee who is talking to his superiors will use the sir form. Thus, during the course of the conversation, the employee will use a formal language.

Politeness

In using a language, we use a device that the language employ to show certain relationship to other. We must use the language properly. We can demonstrate our feelings to other and our awareness of social controls. Such awareness is also shown through a general politeness in the use of language. It does not mean that we must always be polite. Oppositely, impoliteness may happen depends on the existence of standard or norms of politeness. Some languages have a complex rules of politeness, for instance, Javanese, one of the important language in Indonesia, is a language in which it is nearly impossible to say anything without indicating the social relationship between the speaker and the listener in terms of status and familiarity.

SOCIOLINGUISTICS : ETHNOGRAPHIES

Ethnographies

Ethnographic Communicationis an approach to analyze a discourse used. This approach focuses on various communicative competences in the speech communities

The interaction that takes place between a market trader and a buyer at any given time by using language as a communication tool is a speech event. The same thing happens and we find in discussions, in the lecture hall, office meetings in the office, court hearings, and so on.

It is related to the concept of speech events, Hymes suggests the factors that mark the occurrence of the event said. These factors are called the famous term as speech component. According to Hymes, there are about sixteen or seventeen speech components from which some components can be combined because they overlap. To facilitate how to remember the formulation or shortened by SPEAKING, such as:

Situation (Setting and Scene), refers to place

Participants, refers to people in communication area

 Ends, refers to the purpose

 Act Sequences, refers to formed word shape and content

 Key (Instruments), refers to intonation, strees, spirit when talking

 Instrumentalities (Tools) ,inculedes lisan or tulisan, by phone, etc

 Norms (Rules), Related to how to interrupt, how to ask questions, and so on

Genres (Form of discourse). Such as poetry, naration, pepatah, doa ,etc

What is speech events?

A speech event is an activity of linguistic interaction in one form of speech or more involving two parties, ie speakers and answering opponents, with a single subject, in time, place, and situation (Chaer, 2010: 47). In other words, it can not be said that in every communication process there must be also a speech event or a language event.

Example of Ends?

End happens when The speech occurring in the courtroom aims to resolve a case; but the participants in the speech event had a different purpose. The prosecutor wanted to prove the defendant's defendant, the defense tried to prove that the defendant was innocent, while the judge tried to make a fair decision.

SOCIOLINGUISTICS : WORD AND CULTURE

Word and Culture

Words are formed to show meaning or any expression from someone to someone else. And culture are formed by people based on their behaviour, daily life, etc.

Word and Culture have strong relation. Because every culture especially in Indonesia has their own word or language.

Kinship

It is a universal feature of language and an important in social organization. For example when a term like father, brother, or older brother is used in a kindship system. As social condotion change, we can expect kinship systems to change to reflect the new condition.

Color

The term people use to describe color gives us another means of exploring the relationship between language and culture.

Based on that varieties sometimes we can not directly translate color word from one language to another without introducing subtle changes in meaning

Prototypes

It is how we applied social situation in which speexh occur. It will possible by lookin not only the concept are formed by culture but how we achieve our social competence in the use of language

MID TEST SOCIOLINGUISTICS

MID TEST SOCIOLINGUISTICS

Name : RATNA SARI

NIM    : 1588203014

1.       What is sociolinguistics?

Linguistics is the study of language in relation to social factors, including differences of regional, class, dialect, gender, etc.  There are  two type of  Sociolinguistic:

Firstly, formal language that is use depend on place or situation such as when students and the teacher at a class, they know to use polite language. Secondly,  It is the effect of society language. Time by time language has changes style, accent and etc. Such as  bahasa alay, gaul or slang.

 As we know, our cultur influence our language. For example In payakumbuh environment, people in society use minangness language. So many factor in society make us have varieties of language. When we are in the school we also learn how to talking to teacher, friends, senior, junior. The word choice is important when we are talking with people who older than us. So, sociolinguistic is tell about how we using language in society or how society influence our language. We can master so many language if we joined the another culture, social group,etc.

2.       Why do we learn sociolinguistics?

We learn linguistics because we need connection or interaction to people in society.  So many benefits if we are in society. We know the each meaning of word in various region, and we will be easy to communicate with someone new. We can adapt with them by learn new word of their language. We know the trends of language by another people. we can be more understand  about using a language, variation of languages caused some factors, such as social level, age, gender, regional, and etc. we get knowledge about sociolinguistics, we will also know how to use or apply good/polite language in our daily life. Beside that, in using language, it must have rules that we have to follow.  And also, we will know how a language can be and how the process or history of a language and it is a language So it is important to us will be here to make relationship to people in society. The study off sociolinguistic make us be intelligent, communicative to show every feeling by varieties of word

3.       What is the relation between language and society?

In society, there are so many people use different language each others.  By studying language we know the varieties of language in society. Every groups or communities  have their own characteristic of language. society is a group of people who have the same geographical or social territory and culture. With every gesture, intonation, word, dialect and also accent of language make them are famous. So that if we saw them we can identify who is them.  What are communities they are.  Well, in society it can not be said as society if they are not using language. So that they have strong relation to see how the society behavior, style, trends, word choice as our daily language to interact with people. We know what are bad and good language use by our society such our teacher, neighbour, parents say to us to not saying bad word. We know the meaning if we learn the language from people around us

4.       Please mention and explain the branches of linguistics!

The branch of linguistics :  

1.       PHONETICS : it is the study of human speech.  It is concerned with physical properties of speech sounds. Such as mouth, nose, lips,etc  are combined to made a sound.

2.       PHONOLOGY : it is the study of sound. How we recognize and produce the correct sound. It concerned about pattern of sound in human language

3.       MORPHOLOGY : It is the study about word structure. The pattern of grammar such as adding s/es in single or plural subject. Or adding ed in past participle.

4.       SYNTAX: After we study of word now we upgrade to new level. The structure of syntax. How we constructed the word to be phrase and phrase to be sentence.it concerned about using gramatical in part of speech such adjective, noun, verb, adverb in a sentence.

5.       SEMANTICS : It is the study about meaning. To analyze every sentence or word  meaning

5.       What is standar language ? giving an example

It is the language that often use in official situation (bahasa baku). Such when we are guide tourist from java or abroad. We use the language that they understand or change the word aktip to be aktif, blangko to be blanko. Another example from english, destination tobe destinasi

6.       Please elaboratig the language, dialect, and accent!

Language : is the method of human communication consist of spoken or written. How we use word to be structured with conventional way

Dialect : dialect is here come from every social group or region of each people. Such as in java people when they speak english say “open the door” to be “open de dour” . we can see dialect by the vocabulary and grammar.

Accent : it is how rising and lowing human voice such the differences batak and madura. British and america

7.       Giving an example of formal language and informal language!

Formal language usually happen in classroom activities, seminar, work interview, etc.

A : terimakasih saya ucapkan bapak dekan I yang telah hadir di acara seminar pendidikan pada pagi hari ini.

B: baiklah, dengan senang hati pak Rudi.

Informal language:

A: hai what’s up guys? Let go party tonight on my birtday yeeey!

B: Wooaa, happy birthday to you broo, I’m sorry I can not attend tonight. I need to accompany my grandmother in the hospital

A: you make me sad bro! But its oke. Hope your grandma get well soon yeah bro!

8.       What aspect of languaguage are sociolinguistic interested in?

1.       Regional and social dialect

2.       Accent -> pronounciation

3.       Dialect, idiolek

4.       Language variation

5.       Ethnographies

6.       Speech communities

7.       Code seitching and creoles

8.       Word and culture

9.       Solidarity

10.   GENDER

11.   SOCIAL STATUS

12.   REGION

13.   CLASS

9.       When two or more people from different language met and tried to communicate, what should they do?

a.       Pidgins :

Pidgins language is nobody's native language. it may arise when two speakers of different languages with no common language try to hold a conversation. Pidgins used in certain situation. Such as trade, colonisiation. Because of the different language they make a new language to understand each others.

Pidgins consist by simple word or language.

  When two people  met from different language. Pidgin is the simple language of vocabulary, grammar that often used in colonies,trade, so that they create new language. It is small language. When colonies want to buy something in indonesia . how many? Fiv tousend sir.

b.      Creole : Actually it het from pidgin itself. Sucha s trade communication as mother toung in a region Creoles is a language that was originally a pidgin but has become nativized, i.e. a community of speakers claims it as their first language. When they met. Such as papua and manado met, they have same mother tongue but a little differenches about the language’ using. Sam like betawi and ambon too.

c.       Lingua Franca: is bahasa pengantar. Such as bahasa indonesia is used to all region in indonesia such as in school, office, seminar, ceremony, etc. If they met they should use lingua franca in the events

10.   Why do people switch and mix a language?

It is the process of learn. We we want to learn new language we have to step by step changes our language. Code-switching is changing event from one code to another.  Include the utterence and sentences to change to other language. For example, at first someone uses Indonesian language, and then he/she switches into Javanese because his friend a javaness. So make each other understand. This event manifests in switch of regional, social, style variantion. second example in switching. When we met someone from our culture or etnict we easy to speak with them. We change our language if before we use indonesia language then when met someone else we switch it to minangness, malayness, etc.

Code-Mixing: The use of two or more language by putting in/inserting one language into other language consistently.  It just mix word or phrase.If the speaker mixes his/her code/language, then it must be asked who the speaker is: his/her social background, level of education, religion, etc. Such as: in english class, a students ask his friends “please accompany me to kamar mandi lah..” from these exemple we know there are two languages that has been used

 Second example, if we are in english class as a beginner to speak language we mix indonesia-english language in one sentence. The purpose of switch and mix is to make our interlucator understand what we said to them.

11.   Giving an example of code switching and code mixing?

Code switching:

A: agus, do you have pen?

B: no, i dont have but Melino have it

A: Mel, ang punyo peno

B: Ndak ado, patang alah ang ilang kan peno den

Code Mixing:

A: hello brother, you ikutlah kita nge-band di governor office tomorrow

B: No, gua lagi bad mood nih sama emak right now.

A: Better better lah sama your mother, be adult lah bro.

SOCIOLINGUISTICS: LANGUAGE VARIATION

Language Variation

There are some varieties in language. Language variation is caused by the existence of social interaction activities conducted by a very diverse society or group and because of its non homogeneous speakers.

1.        Individual language variations

Everyone has their own idiolek. Idiolects are about "color" sound, word choice, language style, sentence structure, etc. The most dominant is the color of the sound, we can recognize the voice of someone we know just by hearing his voice

2.       Language’ using Variation

Language variations with respect to its users, the wearer or its function is called the function, the variety or the register. This variation is usually discussed in terms of areas of use, style, or degree of form and means of use. Language variation based on this field of use is related to the language it is used for what purpose or field. For example, the fields of literature, journalism, agriculture, military, sailing, education, etc.

3.       Frozen varieties

It is the most formal language variation, used in solemn and formal ceremonies. For example, in sermons, laws, notarial deeds, oaths, etc.

4.       The official varieties

It  is the variation of the language used in the state speeches, official meetings, lectures, textbooks, etc.

5.       The frienship varieties

It  is a variation of the language commonly used by the speakers whose hubngannya are familiar, such as between family members, or close friends. This variety uses incomplete language with vague articulations.