PHONETICS SUMMARY

Good day friends! see you again with the Lingusistics, in this time, i am going to give you more detail about PHONETICS. let's studying and happy reading :)

PHONETICS

Human being are capable of producing an infinite number of sound but no language uses more than a small proportion of this infinite set and no two human languages make use of exactly the same set of sounds. When we speak, there is continuous movement of such organs as the tongue, the velum or soft palate, the lips and the lung. We put spaces between individual words in the written medium but there are no similar spaces in speech. Words are linked together in apeech and are normally perceived by one who does not know the language as an uninterrupted steam of sounds. We shall, metaphorically, slow the process down as examine the organs of speech and the types of sound that result from using different organs.

WHAT IS PHONETICS?

• The general study of the characteristic of speech sounds (Yule,2006:30)
• The study of speech sound (Fromkinet.al, 2005:222)
• The inventory and structure of the sound speech (O’Grady et,al, 2015:15)
• The concrete, instrumentally measurable physical properties and production of speech sound (Odden,2005:4)
• The study of Production,Transmission and Receiption of speech sound (Todd,1995:13)

Phonetics is the study of sounds. To understand the mechanics of human languages one has to understand the physiology of the human body. Letters represent sounds in a rather intricate way. This has advantages and disadvantages. To represent sounds by letters in an accurate and uniform way the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) was created.

PHONETICS has three different aspect such as Production, Transmission and Perceiption

• Articulatory Phonetics - describes how vowels and consonants are produced or “articulated” in various parts of the mouth and throat;
• Acoustic Phonetics - a study of how speech sounds are transmitted: when sound travels through the air from the speaker's mouth to the hearer's ear it does so in the form of vibrations in the air;
• Auditory Phonetics - a study of how speech sounds are perceived: looks at the way in which the hearer’s brain decodes the sound waves back into the vowels and consonants originally intended by the speaker.

SOUNDS

Articulation (Consonants) : voicing,  place of articulation, manner of articulation.

1. VOICING

there are two : voiced and voiceless.

voiced is sounds which are made with vocal fold vibration.

voiceless is sound made without vocal fold vibration.

2. PLACE OF ARTICULATION

• Bilabial : the lower lip and upper lip touch each other. As in the sound [p], [m], [b].
• Labiodental : the lower lip touch the upper teeth as in the sound [f], [v].
• Dental and Interdental : the tip or blade of tongue touch the upper teeth as in the sound [θ],  [ð]
• Aveolar : the tongue tip touches the aveolar ridge immediately behind the upper teeth as in the sound [n], [t], [d], [s], [z], [l].
•  Palatal : the body of tongue touches the hard palate as in [j] but closely enough to create turbulence in the airstream. 
•  Velar : the body of the tongue touches the soft palate(velum) as in the word [k], [g], [n].
• Glottal : the glottis is opening between the vocal folds. In an [h],

3. MANNER OF ARTICULATION.

• Stop is the sounds produced by some form stopping the air stream then releasing it suddenly.
• Affricates is the sound produced by stopping the air stream then followed immediately by fricative 
• Fricatives is the sound produced by blocking the airstream and having the air push through the very norrow opening
• Lateral is the sound produced when the middle part of alveolar ridge.
• Nasal is the sound produced by sending the stream of air through the nose.
• Glide is the sound produced by moving the tongue from one position to another.

 

  REFERENCE

http://www.slideshare.net/edibrata/intro-to-linguistics6-phonetics-organ-of-speech-segment-articulation?qid=d6384709-7624-4d92-9571-004bd7f1d4c4&v=&b=&from_search=5

http://wwwhomes.uni-bielefeld.de/mkracht/html/ling-intro.pdf 

http://www.studyenglishtoday.net/english-phonetics.html 

A Coursebook of Pronunciation.

 THANKS FOR READING GUYS, Wassalamualaikum wr.wb.