SOCIOLINGUISTIC : CODE SWITCHING AND MIXING

SOCIOLINGUISTIC : CODE SWITCHING AND MIXING

A.     CODE SWITCHING

Code-switching is changing event from one code to another.  Include the utterence and sentences to change to other language.

For example, at first someone uses Indonesian language, and then he/she switches into Javanese because his friend a javaness. So make each other understand. This event manifests in switch of regional, social, style variantion

B.      CODE MIXING

Code-Mixing: The use of two or more language by putting in/inserting one language into other language consistently.  It just mix word or phrase.

If the speaker mixes his/her code/language, then it must be asked who the speaker is: his/her social background, level of education, religion, etc.

Such as: in english class, a students ask his friends “please accompany me to kamar mandi lah..” from these exemple we know there are two languages that has been used.

Another example indonesia and regional language:

A.       “Mangka seringkali sok ada kata-kata seolah-olah bahasa daerah itu kurang penting”.

B.       “Nah, karena sudah kadhung apik sama dia ya tak teken".

C.       Banyak klap malam harus ditutup, Hendaknya segera diadakan hutanisasi kembali.

D.      Sudah waktunya kita menghindari backing-backingan dan klik-klikan.

Questions:
1.      What is the benefit we learn code switching and code mixing?
Answer: its benefit to make creation of language among people with different style make us to know more about variation language in our life. And with code mixing help us to have ability to use two or more language.

2.      Is this study flexsible to use in all situation?
Answer: yes, it can be. If it makes the interlucator understand what we said.

3.      Differences english and arrabic code mixing?
Answer: english and arabbic have different structure and rule to create code mixing. We have learn each code separately. Maybe in english its enough familliar for used code mixing but in arrabic its cannot flexsible to mixing in english.

RESEARCH REPORT (DISCOURSE ANALYSIS)

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RESEARCH REPORT

SOCIOLINGUISTICS: PIDGINS AND CREOLES

PIDGINS AND CREOLES

Pidgins language is nobody's native language. it may arise when two speakers of different languages with no common language try to hold a conversation. a pidgin is a language developed by people whose mother tongues are different in order to facilitate communication between them.

Pidgins used in certain situation. Such as trade, colonisiation. Because of the different language they make a new language to understand each others.

Pidgins consist by simple word or language.

Creoles is a language that was originally a pidgin but has become nativized, i.e. a community of speakers claims it as their first language.

Questions and answers:

1.      Give more explanation about creoles and example?

Answer: Creoles may not always develop out of pidgins but through the mixing of two or more languages over generations. If there are always native speakers in this situation, then there was never a pidgin. For ex: papua nugini language

2.      What is the benefits we learn pidgins and creoles?

Answer: if we learn it, we know about any varieties in our social. We can exploring our knowledge and get new language and where it comes from.

3.      What is the relationship between pidgins, creoles and sociolinguistics?

Answer: The relation between pidgins, creoles and sociolinguistics can illustrate by these example:

Pidgin that used in certain situation. Such as salesman from indonesia and stranger from england.Each them cannot understand language each other so salesman say the simple word to sales, like:

Peri chip (very cheap)

Pip            (five)

Tosen       (thousand)

Creoles that used as mother tongue.  It formed by pidgins. For example, from the salesman teach that children the new language such as we can see in papua nugini, ambon, or manado that come from pidgins it self. So, from the example above, we can see pidgins and creoles have relation to sociolingusitic because it also the social of language.

SOCIOLINGUISTICS: LANGUAGE DIALECT AND VARIETIES

SOCIOLINGUISTICS: LANGUAGE DIALECT AND VARIETIES

The existence of language can’t be separated from human life. It can be seen from the fact that all activities related to interaction among people necessitate a language.

Language is an important means of communication. Language reflects thinking; obviously we can’t say a sentence until we have first thought of it. Often our thinking gets mixed with emotions and our reasons become loaded with desires, wishes, prejudices, and opinions. The kind of thinking we do is our business until we try to persuade someone else to agree to our point of view; then that thinking becomes another’s business (Meade, et.al, 1961: 94).

Language divided into two: dialect and accent.

Edward (2009) define dialect as a variety of a language that differs from others along three dimensions: vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation (accent) Because they are forms of the same language.

Accent is a special element of a dialect that include pronounciation. For example, someone from Leeds, in the north of England, would typically pronounce ‘bath’ with the short ‘a’ of ‘cat’, whereas someone from Oxford, in the south of England, would typically pronounce ‘bath’ with the long ‘a’ of ‘father’.

Then, dialect divided into two:

1.    Regional dialect: Certain differences from geographical area one to another in pronunciation, in the selecting and constructing of words, and in syntax of a language such distinctive varieties of local variety are called regional dialects (Wardhough, 2006).

2.    Social dialect: Social dialect is difference speech associate with various social groups. Social dialects create among social groups and are related to a variety of factors such as social class, religion, and ethnicity.

Question:

1.       Why social background and geographical background important in this materi?

Answer: because language that was we thought from baby-  until now its come from geographical. If we are born in west sumatera. Automatically we can speak minangness. and it can be our social background because if we are not minangness but we lived in minangness, so that a person can have two language from social or geographical background.

2.       How can language changes to be different language?

Answer: as we know there is no two speaker of a language can speak in the same way. So, language may change to region to region, social status to social status, individu to individu and from situation to situation. That is the actual result of variation of language.

3.       What example of regional and social dialect?

Answer:  we can see the example around us, especially in indonesia.

In regional dialect. For example: malay language, minang language, batak language, medan language.

In social dialect. For example: teacher-students, parents-children, manager-staff.