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Minggu, 08 Januari 2017

REPORT AND DISCUSSION TEXT

REPORT TEXT

Wisata Dakwah Okura


Wisata Dakwah  Okura or WDO is a place to test your adrenaline with ride horse and also the activity of archery. This place is located in Okura Village, Rumbai Pesisir district.

The view of WDO is surrounded by the garden palm and it is far form the crowd on the highway. We do not need to spent much of money. If you just enjoy the views, it is free. Then, if you want to ride horse. There are tour package like Joy Raide Rp. 30.000/30minute, if you need a tutor, there is a Private Lesson Rp.150.00/hour. Then, Practice Rider package that if you rent the horse with rates Rp. 100.000/hour. Last, Group Lesson Package for four person. Especially if you bring your family here with rates Rp. 150.000/hour. For the tourist that also want to train your concentration with archery only Rp. 50.000/meeting. Then, for member with rates Rp. 150.000 during eight meeting.

It also has another fasilities such as mosque and comfortable resting place. Also, it has camping arena. Besides, it has boarding school islamic for boys in Junior High School. Until now, there are 13 person with memorize the Al-Qur’an program. Soon, swimming pool will available here. Generally, tourist can come to this place everyday, except Monday. It is the best choice to spent your holiday because it is a place with the beautiful nature and enjoy the entertaining sport.


DISCUSSION TEXT

Pros Cons Increase Parking Rates

Local regulations has been increase parking rates for motorcycle Rp 5000 and Car Rp. 8000. But this decision makes pros and cons among the people in Pekanbaru.

For the members of the goverment, it is the best decision. Beside for increase revenue of goverment and also it is benefits to increase the quantity of passanger public transportation that has been provided by the goverment of Pekanbaru city. One of the reason, because not acheiving revenue tax and restribution is the fault management scheme the city authorities were always tolerated parking management.

Unfortunately, most of people disagree with this decision beause a burden on society when the current economy is not stable. The goverment is not putting the interests of the public with the determination of parking rates which is not based and allow will be detrimental to society in general. Precisely by the increase in parking rates, it is not added revenue but it will lose money. If this decision is not reviewed, it will not go according to plan, even makes it easy for people who are not responsible to play, automatically would not even reached its target.

Decision on the parking price increase is  need to review. As in other large cities also has been no significant increase. Whether with the rate increase, it already guarantee the comfort and safety of the vehicle owner or not. As long as these services are still impressed in shambles and not serious.

MAKING SUBJECTS AND VERBS AGREEMENT (PART 2)

MAKING SUBJECTS AND VERBS AGREEMENT


1.      When the subject of a sentence is composed of two or more nouns or pronouns connected by and, use a plural verb.
·         She and her friends are at the fair.

2.      When two or more singular nouns or pronouns are connected by or or nor, use a singular verb.
·         The book or the pen is in the drawer.

3.      When a compound subject contains both a singular and a plural noun or pronoun joined by or or nor, the verb should agree with the part of the subject that is nearer the verb.
·         The boy or his friends run every day.
·         His friends or the boy runs every day.

4.      Doesn't is a contraction of does not and should be used only with a singular subject. Don't is a contraction of do not and should be used only with a plural subject. The exception to this rule appears in the case of the first person and second person pronouns I and you. With these pronouns, the contraction don't should be used.
·         He doesn't like it.
·         They don't like it.

5.      Do not be misled by a phrase that comes between the subject and the verb. The verb agrees with the subject, not with a noun or pronoun in the phrase.
·         One of the boxes is open
·         The people who listen to that music are few.
·         The team captain, as well as his players, is anxious.
·         The book, including all the chapters in the first section, is boring.
·         The woman with all the dogs walks down my street.

6.      The words each, each one, either, neither, everyone, everybody, anybody, anyone, nobody, somebody, someone, and no one are singular and require a singular verb.
·         Each of these hot dogs is juicy.
·         Everybody knows Mr. Jones.
·         Either is correct.

7.      Nouns such as civics, mathematics, dollars, measles, and news require singular verbs.
·         The news is on at six.
Note: the word dollars is a special case. When talking about an amount of money, it requires a singular verb, but when referring to the dollars themselves, a plural verb is required.
·         Five dollars is a lot of money.
·         Dollars are often used instead of rubles in Russia.
8.      Nouns such as scissors, tweezers, trousers, and shears require plural verbs. (There are two parts to these things.)
·         These scissors are dull.
·         Those trousers are made of wool.
·          
9.      In sentences beginning with "there is" or "there are," the subject follows the verb. Since "there" is not the subject, the verb agrees with what follows.
·         There are many questions.
·         There is a question.

10.  Collective nouns are words that imply more than one person but that are considered singular and take a singular verb, such as group, team, committee, class, and family.
·         The team runs during practice.
·         The committee decides how to proceed.
·         The family has a long history.
·         My family has never been able to agree.
·         The crew is preparing to dock the ship.
·          
11.  Expressions such as with, together with, including, accompanied by, in addition to, or as well do not change the number of the subject. If the subject is singular, the verb is too.
·         The President, accompanied by his wife, is traveling to India.
·         All of the books, including yours, are in that box.

This sentence is referring to the individual efforts of each crew member. The Gregg Reference Manual provides excellent explanations of subject-verb agreement (section 10: 1001).



Subject-Verb Agreement Eror

A very common error is when subjects and verbs do not match in number. Plural nouns should be matched with plural verbs; singular nouns should be matched with singular verbs. In the following sentences, the subjects and verbs do not agree.

Incorrect: Maria and her friend is going to the store.
Plural Subject: Maria and her friend/Singular verb: is
Correct: Maria and her friend are going to the store

Incorrect: One of the cereal boxes are open.
Singular Subject: One of the cereal boxes/Plural Verb: are
Correct: One of the cereal boxes is open.

Incorrect: Either* are fine.
Singular Subject: Either/Plural Verb: are
Correct: Either is fine.

*The words each, each one, either, neither, everyone, everybody, anybody, anyone, nobody, somebody, someone, and no one are singular and require a singular verb.



ANOTHER EXAMPLE:
1.       Annie and her brothers are at school.
2.       Either my mother or my father is coming to the meeting.
3.       The dog or the cats are outside.
4.       Either my shoes or your coat is always on the floor.
5.       George and Tamara don't want to see that movie.
6.       Benito doesn't know the answer.
7.       One of my sisters is going on a trip to France.
8.       The man with all the birds lives on my street.
9.       The movie, including all the previews, takes about two hours to watch.
10.   The players, as well as the captain, want to win.
11.   Either answer is acceptable.
12.   Every one of those books is fiction.
13.   Nobody knows the trouble I've seen.
14.   Is the news on at five or six?
15.   Mathematics is John's favorite subject, while Civics is Andrea's favorite subject.
16.   Eight dollars is the price of a movie these days.
17.   Are the tweezers in this drawer?
18.   Your pants are at the cleaner's.
19.   There were fifteen candies in that bag. Now there is only one left!
20.   The committee debates these questions carefully.
21.   The committee lead very different lives in private.
22.   The Prime Minister, together with his wife, greets the press cordially.


SUMBER:



SUBJECT- VERB AGREEMENT (PART 1)

Subject-verb agreement berarti kesesuain verb (kata kerja) dan subjek. Ingat bahwa subject dan verb dalam sebuah kalimat harus sesuai (agree). Subjek yang tunggal (singular subject) harus bertemu dengan kata kerja tunggal pula (singular verb); subjek jamak (plural subject) harus bertemu dengan kata kerja yang jamak (plural verb).

1.    Basic  Subject-verb Agreement
a)      The elevator works very well.
(elevator itu berfungsi dengan sangat baik.)
b)     The elevators work very well.
(elevator-elevator itu berfungsi dengan sangat baik.)

c)       My friend lives in Makassar.
(temanku tinggal di Makassar.)
d)      My friends live in Makassar.
(teman-temanku tinggal di Makassar.)

Penjelasan:
·         Verb + -s/-es: untuk orang ke tiga tunggal dalam present tense
Work-works, live-lives
·         Noun + -s/-es: jamak (plural)
Elevator-elevators, friend-friends

e)      My brother and sister live in Lasusua, Southeast Sulawesi.
(saudara laki-laki dan perempuanku tinggal di Lasusua, Sulawesi Tenggara.)
Penjelasan:
Dua atau lebih subjek yang dihubungkan oleh “and” berarti berbentuk plural. Kecuali untuk subjek “every” dan “each.” Akan dijelaskan selanjutnya di bawah.

f)       Every man, woman, and child needs love.
(tiap orang baik itu laki-laki, perempuan, maupun anak-anak membutuhkan rasa kasih saying.)

g)      Each book and magazine is listed in the card catalog.
(tiap buku dan majalah terdaftar di catalog.)

Penjelasan:
·         Pengecuailan: Kata “every” dan “each” selalu berbentuk tunggal. Walaupun kata benda yang dihubungkan ada dua atau lebih, kata keja (verb) yang mengikutinya berbentuk tunggal (singular).

h)      That book in the library of UIN Alauddin is interesting.
(buku yang di perpustkaan UIN Alauddin itu menarik.)
i)        The books in the library of UIN Alauddin are very interesting.
 (buku-buku yang di perpustkaan UIN Alauddin itu menarik.)

j)        My cat, as well as my dogs, likes cat food.
(kucing dan anjingku suka makanan kucing.)
k)      My cats, as well as my dogs, like cat food.
(kucing dan anjing-anjingku suka makanan kucing.)

l)        The book that I got from my friend, Muh. Rifqy, was very interesting.
(buku dari temanku, Muh. Rifqy, itu sangat menarik.)
m)    The books that I got from my friend, Muh. Rifqy, were very interesting.
(buku-buku dari temanku, Muh. Rifqy, itu sangat menarik.)

Penjelasan:
Kadang sebuah frasa atau klausa memisahkan sebuah subjek dari kata kerjanya (verb). Struktur-struktur yang memisahkan itu tidak mempengaruhi aturan dasar.  Contohnya, di (h) frasa preposisi “in the library of UIN Alauddin” tidak mengubah ketentuan awal bahwa kata kerja “is” harus sesuai dengan subjek “book.” Di (l) dan (m) subject dan verb nya dipisahkan oleh sebuah ajective clause “that I got from my friend, Muh. Rifqy,.” Contoh lain:
Ø    Imamsyah Al-Hadi, along with his friends, is playing football.
Ø    Mismar, accompanied by Muh. Ikhsan Nur and Mila, is going to a party tonight.
Ø    Iswahyudi, together with Lisa, is taking English Education Department.

o)      Playing football is my hobby.
(hobiku adalah bermain sepak bola.)
Penjelasan:
Sebuah gerund (playing) yang menjadi subjek dalam sebuah kalimat memerlukan sebuah kata kerja tunggal.

p)      Anybody who has lost his ticket should report to the desk.
(siapapun yang kehilangan dompetnya diharap bagian kas.)
Penjelasan:
Any + singular noun harus diikuti oleh kata keja tunggal.


2.    Subject-verb agreement: menggunakan ungkapan jumlah (kuantitas)
a)      Some of the book is good.
b)      Some of the books are good.
c)       A lot of the equipmenis new.
d)      A lot of my friends are here.
e)      Two-thirds of the money is mine.
f)       Two-thirds of the pennies are mine.
g)      One of my friends is here.
h)      Each of my friends is here.
i)        Every one of my friends is here.
Penjelasan:
PENGECUALIANone ofeach of, dan every one of membutuhkan kata kerja tunggal.
One of
Each of                       + kata benda jamak = kata kerja tunggal.
Every one of

j)        None of the boys is here.
k)       None of the boys are here.
l)        None of counterfeit has been found.
m)     No example is relevant to this case.
n)      No examples are relevant to this case.
Penjelasan:
Subject dengan “none of” dianggap tunggal untuk Bahasa Inggris yang sangat formal, tapi sering digunakan berbentuk plural untuk penulisan pidato yang tidak formal. Semantara none of + Uncountable noun (tunggal) = tunggal.

o)      The number of students in my class is thirty-three.
p)      A number of students were late for class.
Penjelasan:
Di (l) “the number” merupakan subjek.
Di (m) “A number of” merupakan sebuah ungkapan kuantitas yang bermakna “banyak.” “A number of” diikuti oleh kata benda jamak dan kata kerja jamak.

q)      If either of you takes a vacation now, we will not be able to finish the work.
r)       Neither of my friends is ready for marriage.
s)       Either Muh. Aslam or Muh. Jusran is going to the beach today.
t)       Neither Muh. Aslam nor Muh. Jusran is going to the beach today.
u)      Either Muh. Aslam or his friends are going to the beach today.
v)      Neither Muh. Aslam nor his friends are going to the beach today.
Penjelasan:
Bentuk “either” dan “neither” adalah tunggal jika mereka tidak digunakan bersama “or” dan “nor” seperti pada contoh (q) dan (r). ketika “either” dan “neither”  diikuti oleh “or” dan “nor,” kata kerjanya bisa berbentuk tunggal juga jamak, tergantung kata benda yang mengikuti (setelah) “or” dan “nor” apakah tunggal atau jamak.

3.    Subject-verb agreement: menggunakan there + to be
a)      There are thirty-three students in my class.
b)      There is a student in the class.
c)       There are seven continents.
d)      There is a book on the shelf.
e)      There are some books on the shelf.
f)       There is some books on the shelf.
Penjelasan:
Ingat bahwa subjek dari kalimat yang didahului “there” adalah setelah kata kerja. Pada contoh  (a) subjeknya adalah thirty-three students (BUKAN THERE).

4.    Subject-verb agreement: yang tak beraturan
a)      The United States is big.
b)      The Philippines consists of more than 7,000 islands.
Penjelasan:
Kadang sebuah proper noun (The United States, The Philippines) yang berakhir –s adalah tunggal. Pada contoh di atas, jika subjeknya (The United States atau The Philippines) diubah ke sebuah pronoun (kata ganti), pronoun tunggal “it” yang digunakan (bukan pronoun jamak “they”) karena bendanya (The United States atau The Philippines) berbentuk tunggal.

c)       The news is interesting
Penjelasan:
News berbentuk tunggal.

d)      Mathematics is easy for her.
Penjelasan:
Mata pelajaran yang berakhir –ics berbentuk tunggal, contoh lain adalah physics.

e)      Diabetes is an illness.
Penjelasan:
Beberapa penyakit tertentu yang berakhir –s adalah tunggal: diabetes, measles, mumps, rabies, rickets, shingles.

f)       Eight hours of sleep is enough.
g)      Ten dollars is too much to pay
h)      Five thousand miles is too far to travel.
Penjelasan:
Ungkapan waktu, uang, dan jarak biasanya membutuhkan kata kerja tunggal (singular verb).

i)        Two and two is four.
Penjelasan:
Ungkapan ilmu hitung membutuhkan kata kerja tunggal.

j)        The police have been called.
k)      Cattle are domestic animals.
Penjelasan:
Kata “police” dan “cattle” tidak berakhiran –s, tetapi adalah kata benda yang jamak dan membutuhkan kata kerja jamak pula.

l)        English is spoken in many countries.
m)    The English drink tea.
n)      Chinese is not easy to learn.
o)      The Chinese have an interesting history.
Penjelasan:
Di (l) English : bahasa. Di (m) The English : orang-orang Inggris. Beberapa kata benda nasional (nama Negara) yang berakhiran –sh-ese, dan –ch bisa berarti bahas ataupun penduduknya. Contoh: English, Spanish, Chinese, Japanes, Vietnamese, Portuguese, French.

p)      The poor have many problems.
q)      The rich get richer.
Penjelasan:
Beberapa kata sifat (adjective) bias didahului oleh kata “the” dan digunakan sebagai bentuk kata benda jamak (tanpa –s) untuk menyatakan orang-orang yang mempunyai sifat itu. Contoh lain: the young, the elderly, the living, the dead, the blind, the deaf, the disabled.

r)       The pants are in the drawer.
s)       A pair of pants is in the drawer.
t)       The scissors are dull.
u)      The pair of scissors is dull.
v)      The family was elated by the news.
w)    The committee has met, and it rejected the proposal.
x)      The flock of birds is circling overhead.
y)      The herd of cattle is breaking away.
Pejelasan:
Juga banyak kata benda --yang mengindikasikan banyak orang atau hewan-- adalah tunggal. Pada beberapa kasus kata-kata benda di atas bisa berbentuk jamak jika mengindikasikan individu-individu dari kelompok tersebut.

Sumber: 
1.      Understanding and Using English grammar (the third edition) by Betty Schrampfer Azar
2.      Cliffs TOEFL Preparation Guide by Michael A. Pyle, M. A. and Mary Ellen Munoz Page, M. A.