SYNTAX

Definition of syntax

in linguistics, syntax refers to the rules that govern the ways in which words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences.

1. Box
2. That big box
3. That big box are very heavy

(1) is word. Then, (2) is phrase and the last, (3) is Clause

The phrase made up of a few words and then will grow larger into a clause.

you know syntax have tree, to make a sentence, please check this video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0uQNHkuMys

1. Phrase

Phrase is a group of two or more grammatical linked words that do not have subject and predicate 

Phrase devided into:

A. Noun phrase

Example:

Are you waiting someone special?
The young man threw the old dog a bone.

That rich man will build his eldest daughter a fine house

B. Adjective phrase

Example:

Never have I been angry with you. (tak pernah saya marah denganmu)

The child, laughing happily ran out of the house (anak-anak, tertawa bahagia berlari keluar rumah)

C. Verb phrase

Ex:

She has been singing (dia telah sedang menyanyi)

He may be following us (dia boleh mengikuti kita)

D. Adverb phrase

Adverb phrase merupakan frasa yang terdiri dari adverb dengan qualifier (c/ too, very, so)

Example:

She almost always arrives on time (Dia hampir selalu tiba tepat waktu)

He ran very quickly (dia berlari dengan cepat)

E. Prepositional phrase

 merupakan gabungan antara preposition dengan object dan berfungsi sebagai adverb.

Example :

There is distance between you and me.(Ada jarak antara kamu dan aku.)

Students arrived at school.

Do you know that man with the scar? (kamu tahu pria dengan bekas luka itu)

2. Clause

When my mother came, I was watching television with my brother and his friend

Main clause                             dependent clause

There are 3 types:

Adjective clause is a dependent clause that explain noun/pronoun

The man which won the competition is a doctor

The girl whom we met on holiday is coming to see us next week.

Adverbial clause: Is a dependent clause that classification based on meaning from previous conjugation.

shut the door before you go out

Put it where we can all see it.

Noun clause: functioning like a noun.

What you said was not true
I know where she lives

I don’t understand how all it happened

3. Sentence

A. Simple sentence: 
she is a beautiful woman
I want to eat something
He wanna be a pilot

B. Compound sentence: it is sentence at least two independent clause (gabungan) and conjuction like: and, but, so, either,or, either, neither,nor,the, yet.

Main clause: 1. john wants go to the beach 2. Her sister wants go to the amusment park

So, can be :

John wants to go to the beach, but her little sister insist to go to amusement park
(Anne ingin pergi ke pantai, tetapi adiknya bersikeras untuk pergi ke taman huburan)

C. Complex sentence: it is sentence with one independent clause

Independent Clause: I like the book.

Dependent Clause: that you bought yesterday.

Complex Sentence: I like the book that you bought  yesterday. 

                                    Pikiran utama              pikiran tambahan

 Another example:

She became queen when her father died because she was the eldest child.

well guys, i have some sites for you , to enlarge our knowladge about syntax:

http://marcopangngewa.blogspot.co.id/2010/11/syntax-tugas-marco.html

and this is special for you, please play the game , it is easy guy :D

Syntax/Grammar Game:

https://www.quia.com/pop/357550.html?AP_rand=490759190

Sentence Game:

http://www.sentenceplay.co.uk/SentenceLab.html

Phrase and Clause Game :

http://cite.nwmissouri.edu/ic/Grammar/PhrasesandClauses.html

REFERENCES

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-macam-contoh-kalimat-phrase

http://englishkuomar.blogspot.co.id/2015/03/pengertian-syntax-dalam-linguistic.html

http://www.slideshare.net/ChildrenOfNight/phrase-clause-and-sentence-in-syntax

http://englishkuomar.blogspot.co.id/2015/03/pengertian-syntax-dalam-linguistic.html

An Introduction to Linguistics, Loretto Todd