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about the lexicology in this oppurtunity... have fun
Definition Of
Lexicology
Lexicology
adalah ilmu/studi mengenai bentuk, sejarah dan arti kata-kata.
menurut
bahasa lexicology berasal dari kata lexicon yang berarti: kamus, mu'jam atau
istilah dari sebuah ilmu.
Menurut istilah, leksikologi adalah ilmu
pengetahuan yang mempelajari seluk beluk makna/arti kosakata yang telah termuat
atau akan dimuat di dalam kamus.
Lexicology
studies word formation,semasiology, etymological characteristicsof words,
phraseological units,lexicography and so on
General and Special
Lexicology
The
general study of words and vocabulary, irrespective of the specific features
of any particular language, is known as general lexicology. .
Special
lexiсоlоgу devotes its attention to the description of the characteristic
peculiarities in the vocabulary of a given language.
Lexicology deals with the vocabulary and
characteristic features of words and word-groups ;
- Ø The term “vocabulary” is used to denote the system of
- words and word-groups that the language possesses.
- Ø The term “word” denotes the main lexical unit of a
- language resulting from the association of a group ofsounds with a meaning.
- Ø The term ‘word group” denotes a group of words
- which exists in the language as a ready-made unit, has
- the unity of meaning, the unity of syntactical function.
According
to the theorotical basis of the vocabularies of different languages there are
three types of them:
1.
Historical lexicology
deals with the
historic change of words in the course of language development.
2.
Descriptive lexicology
deals with the vocabulary of a given language at a period of
time.
3.
Contrastive lexicology
studies languages from
the point of view of their identity and differentation.
Word-Formation and
Word-Classes in Lexicology
Word formation
these can be summarised as follows:
Suffixation:
man+ly = manly
Preffixation
: un+true = untrue
Affixation
: dis+taste+ful =distasteful
Prefixes
We add
prefixes before the base or stem of a word.
Examples
|
prefixes
|
monorail, monolingual
|
mono- means ‘one’
|
multipurpose, multicultural
|
multi- means ‘many’
|
post-war, postgraduate
|
post- means ‘after’
|
unusual, undemocratic
|
un- means ‘not’ or ‘opposite to’
|
See
also:
Suffixes
We add
suffixes after the base or stem of a word. The main purpose of a suffix is to
show what class of word it is (e.g. noun or adjective).
Examples
|
suffixes
|
terrorism, sexism
|
-ism and -dom are used to form nouns
|
employer, actor
|
-er and -or are used to form nouns to
describe people who do things
|
widen, simplify
|
-en and -ify are used to form verbs
|
reasonable,unprofitable
|
-able is used to form adjectives
|
unhappily,naturally
|
-ly is a common suffix used to form adverbs
|
Typical
word-class suffixes
A suffix
can often, but not always, tell us if a word is a noun, verb, adjective or
adverb:
nouns
|
Verbs
|
adjectives
|
Adverbs
|
station
government
cruelty
|
soften
identify
industrialise
|
drinkable
Japanese
useless
|
carefully
easily
sadly
|
The
importance of English lexicology is based not on the size of its vocabulary,
however big it is, but on the fact that at present it is the world’s most
widely used language.
So,
lexicology as a branch of linguistics has its own aims and methods of scientific
research, its basic task being the study and systematic description of the
vocabulary of some particular language in respect to its origin, development
and current use. Hence lexicology investigates words, word-groups,
word-equivalents and morphemes which make up words.
REFERENCE
An Introduction to Linguistics , Loretto Todd
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BalasHapus